"ATM credit or debit" spread is a little vague, so without a specific example here is how I would compare:
ATM spreads where your long leg is slightly ITM and the short leg is slightly OTM would typically lose or break even if the stock does not move. The diagonal would have a nice gain if the stock does not move. With the debit spread in particular, you need the stock to move in your direction to be successful, but with the diagonal you do not.
A credit/debit spread typically involves both legs having the same expiration and if the stock moves in your opposite direction there is not a real good adjustment option. With the diagonal if the stock starts moving against you, you can adjust by turning it into a calendar.
The IV typically does not keep coming off as most of that has already happened after the event - and even if the IV does fall, since you are both long and short strikes in different expirations the IV changes will basically offset each other. The diagonal is more like a calendar is that its a play on the theta working in your favor - the vega is not a concern in that post-event its unlikely that IV will affect your short leg to a greater degree than it would the long leg.
I would compare the diagonal structure to a calendar, not a credit/debit spread. It is basically a calendar, but with a directional bias. Since the strikes are relatively close to each other, the trade will make money if the stock price stays the same or moves a little in either direction (obviously will make a lot more if it moves in the right direction). But, unlike a calendar, the trade will still make a profit it you get an outsized move in the correct direction.